ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To compare the incidence of covid-19 symptoms between informal home-based workers and a control group and to assess the association of these cases with blood elements concentrations and other relevant risk factors for Sars-Cov-2 infection. METHODS Welders chemically exposed to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (n = 26) and control participants (n = 25) answered questionnaires on adherence to social distancing and signs and symptoms of the disease for five months during the covid-19 pandemic. After follow-up, covid-19 serology tests were performed on a subsample of 12 chemically exposed workers and 20 control participants. Before the pandemic, PTE concentrations in blood (As, Mn, Ni, Cd, Hg, Sb, Sn, Cu, Zn, and Pb) were measured by ICP-MS. RESULTS The chemically exposed group had higher lead and cadmium levels in blood (p < 0.01). The control group presented lower adherence to social distancing (p = 0.016). Although not significant, welders had a 74% greater chance of having at least one covid-19 symptom compared with control participants, but their adherence to social distancing decreased this chance by 20%. The use of taxis for transportation was a risk factor significantly associated with covid-19 symptoms. CONCLUSION The lower adherence to social distancing among the control group greatly influences the development of covid-19. The literature lacks data linking exposure to PTEs and Sars-Cov-2 infection and/or severity. In this study, despite chemical exposure, working from home may have protected welders against covid-19, considering that they maintained greater social distancing than control participants.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To compare the incidence of covid-19 symptoms between informal home-based workers and a control group and to assess the association of these cases with blood elements concentrations and other relevant risk factors for Sars-Cov-2 infection. METHODS Welders chemically exposed to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (n = 26) and control participants (n = 25) answered questionnaires on adherence to social distancing and signs and symptoms of the disease for five months during the covid-19 pandemic. After follow-up, covid-19 serology tests were performed on a subsample of 12 chemically exposed workers and 20 control participants. Before the pandemic, PTE concentrations in blood (As, Mn, Ni, Cd, Hg, Sb, Sn, Cu, Zn, and Pb) were measured by ICP-MS. RESULTS The chemically exposed group had higher lead and cadmium levels in blood (p < 0.01). The control group presented lower adherence to social distancing (p = 0.016). Although not significant, welders had a 74% greater chance of having at least one covid-19 symptom compared with control participants, but their adherence to social distancing decreased this chance by 20%. The use of taxis for transportation was a risk factor significantly associated with covid-19 symptoms. CONCLUSION The lower adherence to social distancing among the control group greatly influences the development of covid-19. The literature lacks data linking exposure to PTEs and Sars-Cov-2 infection and/or severity. In this study, despite chemical exposure, working from home may have protected welders against covid-19, considering that they maintained greater social distancing than control participants.

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to investigate if the most recent left turn in Argentina can be considered a critical juncture; understood here as a period of significant change capable of perpetuating itself in time and space. In this sense, a process-tracing method underlies the institutionalist-historical analysis in which it is proposed to delineate the permissive, productive and reproductive conditions of the election of Néstor Kirchner in 2003. Therefore, it is concluded that this Argentine period of change is not limited to purely national factors, but it is related to a much more complex personalist subjectivity that lasts until today.

Resumen: El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo investigar si el más reciente giro a la izquierda en Argentina puede ser considerado una coyuntura crítica; entendida aquí como un período de cambio significativo, capaz de perpetuarse en el tiempo y en el espacio. En ese sentido, se fundamenta un análisis institucionalista-histórico, bajo el método de process-tracing, en que se propone delinear las condiciones permisivas, productivas y reproductivas de la elección de Néstor Kirchner en 2003. Así que se concluye que ese período de cambio argentino no se resume a factores puramente nacionales, pero sí se relaciona con una subjetividad personalista mucho más complexa que perdura hasta hoy.

RESUMO Levando em consideração a natureza inovadora da abordagem do expossoma humano, apresentamos o estado da arte dos estudos sobre expossoma, e discutimos os desafios e perspectivas atuais nessa área. Foram realizadas diversas atividades de leitura e discussão pelo grupo eXsat (Expossoma e Saúde do Trabalhador), com sistematização da literatura da área publicada entre janeiro de 2005 e janeiro de 2017, disponíveis nas bases de dados PubMed e Web of Science. O presente comentário traz uma análise da temática de forma a incentivar a disseminação da abordagem do expossoma nos estudos da área de Saúde Pública.

ABSTRACT Considering the innovative nature of the approach to human exposome, we present the state of the art of studies on exposome, and discuss current challenges and perspectives in this area. Several reading and discussion activities were conducted by the Expossoma e Saúde do Trabalhador (eXsat – Group Exposome and Worker's Health), with systematization of the literature in the area published between January 2005 and January 2017, available in the databases PubMed and Web of Science. This comment brings a thematic analysis to encourage the dissemination of the exposome approach for studies in the Public Health area.

RESUMO Levando em consideração a natureza inovadora da abordagem do expossoma humano, apresentamos o estado da arte dos estudos sobre expossoma, e discutimos os desafios e perspectivas atuais nessa área. Foram realizadas diversas atividades de leitura e discussão pelo grupo eXsat (Expossoma e Saúde do Trabalhador), com sistematização da literatura da área publicada entre janeiro de 2005 e janeiro de 2017, disponíveis nas bases de dados PubMed e Web of Science. O presente comentário traz uma análise da temática de forma a incentivar a disseminação da abordagem do expossoma nos estudos da área de Saúde Pública.

ABSTRACT Considering the innovative nature of the approach to human exposome, we present the state of the art of studies on exposome, and discuss current challenges and perspectives in this area. Several reading and discussion activities were conducted by the Expossoma e Saúde do Trabalhador (eXsat – Group Exposome and Worker's Health), with systematization of the literature in the area published between January 2005 and January 2017, available in the databases PubMed and Web of Science. This comment brings a thematic analysis to encourage the dissemination of the exposome approach for studies in the Public Health area.

Resumo Minas Gerais convive, há décadas, com o desafio da sofisticação econômica. Na tentativa de construir caminhos para a transformação de sua economia, o governo de Minas Gerais lançou a plataforma Dataviva, possibilitando a aplicação da abordagem da complexidade econômica no âmbito de políticas públicas de desenvolvimento. O artigo visa contribuir para essa reflexão, por meio da análise da complexidade econômica dos estados brasileiros no período entre 2002 e 2014, com foco em Minas Gerais. A pesquisa revela que a economia mineira está presa em uma “armadilha de baixa complexidade”, o que demanda uma intensa colaboração entre os setores público e privado para a descoberta e investimento em atividades que contribuam para a sofisticação econômica.

Abstract Minas Gerais has dealt for decades with the challenge of economic sophistication. In an attempt to build paths for its economy’s transformation, the Government of Minas Gerais launched the Dataviva platform, allowing economic complexity’s approach to be used in the context of public development policies. This article aims to contribute to this debate by analyzing the economic complexity of the Brazilian states from 2002 to 2014, focusing on Minas Gerais. The research reveals that Minas’ economy is stuck in a “low complexity trap”, which requires a close collaboration between the public and private sectors for the discovery and investment in activities that contribute to economic sophistication.

RESUMO O Estado de Minas Gerais, conhecido por sua riqueza em recursos minerais, apresentou, durante a última década, trajetória de concentração de sua estrutura produtiva na direção de produtos de baixa complexidade econômica. O artigo oferece uma metodologia para a identificação de setores econômicos apropriados para a sofisticação da estrutura produtiva do estado, dadas as suas vantagens comparativas atuais. Para tanto, adotou-se uma estratégia bottom-up baseada na abordagem do Product Space (DataViva): partindo da complexidade dos produtos exportados foi possível identificar segmentos econômicos com potencial para aumentar a complexidade da economia mineira sem desconsiderar as capacidades produtivas existentes. São eles: produtos biotecnológicos e produtos da indústria mecânico-elétrica.

ABSTRACT The State of Minas Gerais, known for its mineral resource wealthy, has presented a trajectory of concentration on low complexity products. This article presents a methodology for the identification of economic segments suitable for the sophistication of the productive structure of the state, given its current comparative advantages. To do so, the paper proposed a bottom-up strategy based on the Product Space (DataViva): starting from an analysis of the complexity of the goods exported by the state, it was possible to identify two economic segments with the potential to increase the complexity of Minas Gerais’ economy: biotechnological products and products of the mechanical-electrical industry.

Resumo O artigo tem por objetivo resgatar o processo histórico de construção do modus operandi das práticas de desenvolvimento, destacando o papel das organizações internacionais nesse processo e como elas mobilizavam seus recursos tangíveis e intangíveis para a conformação de uma agenda legítima de intervenção social. A análise terá como foco as dinâmicas políticas que sucederam a Comissão Pearson, conferência internacional realizada em 1969, que teve como objetivo repensar e propor diretrizes internacionais para o desenvolvimento. O ponto crítico deste momento será o reconhecimento, por parte do Banco Mundial e da ONU, de que a cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento mobilizava diferentes projetos de coordenação societária que tinham como pano de fundo o problema da desigualdade internacional. A partir da análise dos documentos e discursos da época, é possível perceber que, embora a ONU e o Banco Mundial compartilhassem a percepção de que a ajuda internacional ainda teria um papel a cumprir, esses organismos ofereciam agendas distintas para solucionar o problema do subdesenvolvimento. Com isso, buscar-se-á identificar o projeto que sai vitorioso desse embate e nos fornece elementos para a compreensão da sobrevivência e ampliação da agenda de desenvolvimento no pós-Guerra Fria.

Abstract This paper draws on the historical process of construction of the modus operandis of development practices in order to understand the role of international organizations in mobilizing the resources necessary for the consolidation of the field of international cooperation. The analysis focuses on the aftermath of the Pearson Commission (1969), which goal was to make recommendations for future operation of international development practices. The main finding is that although both World Bank and UN shared the understanding that international aid was crucial to fight global inequality, they offered different agendas to solve the problem of underdevelopment. The paper concludes that the victorious agenda was the one supported by the World Bank, influencing the development cooperation dynamics afterwards.

RESUMO Hipertireoidismo subclínico é definido como a condição que ocorre quando a concentração de tirotropina sérica é baixa ou indetectável na presença de níveis de triiodotironina livre e tiroxina dentro dos respectivos intervalos de referência. Apesar dos resultados conflitantes de vários estudos observacionais, este distúrbio de função tireoidiana tem sido associado com um risco aumentado de fibrilação atrial, hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, aumento da frequência cardíaca e comprometimento da função diastólica. Além disso, tem sido relatada uma relação entre hipertireoidismo subclínico e alterações esqueléticas ou cognitivas. O tratamento do hipertireoidismo subclínico permanece controverso, dada a falta de estudos prospectivos randomizados mostrando benefício clínico com a restauraçãodo estado normal. No entanto, esta revisão recomenda o tratamento de hipertireoidismo subclínico de indivíduos com idade superior a 65 anos, em mulheres na pós-menopausa, e em pacientes com fatores de risco cardíaco, com sintomas de doenças cardíacas, osteoporose ou hipertireoidismo, sempre que a tireotropina esteja persistentemente abaixo de <0,1 mU/L. Quando estiver entre 0,1-0,5 mU/L, o tratamento deve ser considerado para os indivíduos com idade superior a 65 anos, portadores de doença cardíaca ou sintomas de hipertireoidismo.

Subclinical hyperthyroidism is defined as low or undetectable serum thyrotropin concentration in the presence of levels of free thriiodothyronine and thyroxine within the reference range. Despite the conflicting results from many observational studies, this thyroid disorder has been associated with an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation, left ventricular hypertrophy, increased heart rate and diastolic function impairment. In addition, a relation between subclinical hyperthyroidism, skeletal disorders and cognitive changes has been reported. Treatment of subclinical hyperthyroidism remains controversial, given the lack of prospective randomized studies showing clinical benefits with restoration of the euthyroid state. Nevertheless, this review recommends the treatment of subclinical hyperthyroidism to individuals aged over 65, postmenopausal women, patients with cardiac risk factors, heart disease, osteoporosis or hyperthyroidism symptoms, whenever TSH is persistently suppressed(<0.1 mU/L). When TSH is between 0.1 - 0.5 mU/L, treatment should be considered for individuals over age 65, patients with heart disease or hyperthyroidism symptoms.